Radioactive Iodine Uptake Test

Test Overview

A radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) test uses a radioactive tracer and a special probe to measure how much tracer the thyroid gland absorbs from the blood. The test can show how much tracer is absorbed by the thyroid gland. The RAIU test often is done along with a thyroid scan, which shows if the tracer is evenly spread in the gland. This helps your doctor know if the thyroid gland is working properly. The radioactive tracer commonly used in this test is iodine.

A radioactive iodine uptake test is done to find problems with how the thyroid gland works, such as hyperthyroidism.

Why It Is Done

A radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) test is done to:

• Find the cause of an overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism).
• Plan treatment for hyperthyroidism.
• Plan treatment for patients who have had thyroid cancer surgery.

How To Prepare

Tell your doctor if you:

• Take any medicines regularly. Be sure your doctor knows the names and doses of all your medicines. Your doctor will instruct you if and when you need to stop taking any of the following medicines that can change the RAIU test results:
  • Thyroid hormones
  • Antithyroid medicines
  • Medicines or supplements that contain iodine, such as iodized salt, kelp, cough syrups, multivitamins, and the heart medicine amiodarone
• Are allergic to any medicines, such as iodine. But even if you are allergic to iodine, you will likely be able to have this test. That's because the amount used in the tracer is so small that your chance of an allergic reaction is very low.
• Have ever had a serious allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) from any substance, such as the venom from a bee sting or from eating shellfish.

Before an RAIU test, blood tests may be done to measure the amount of thyroid hormones (TSH, T3, and T4) in your blood.

Follow your doctor's instructions about not eating before the test. Your doctor may ask you to eat a low-iodine diet.

For an RAIU, you will swallow a dose of radioactive iodine. Iodine can be taken as a capsule or a fluid 4 to 24 hours before the test. Iodine has little or no taste.

Just before the test, you will remove your dentures (if you wear them) and all jewelry or metal objects from around your neck and upper body.

How It Is Done

A radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) test is done in the nuclear medicine section of a hospital's radiology department.

For this test, you will lie on your back with your head tipped backward and your neck extended. It's important to lie still during this test. A special machine is placed over your thyroid gland to measure the amount of tracer absorbed by the thyroid gland. This isn't an X-ray machine—it's a scanner that detects the radiation given off by the tracer. This test takes about 10 minutes. It's done 3 to 6 hours after you are given the tracer. Another scan may be done in 24 hours.

After an RAIU test, you can do your regular activities.

How It Feels

You may find it uncomfortable to lie still with your head tipped backward.

Risks

Anytime you're exposed to radiation, there's a small chance of damage to cells or tissue. That's the case even with the low-level radioactive tracer used for this test. But the chance of damage is very low compared with the benefits of the test.

Most of the tracer will leave your body through your urine or stool within a day. So be sure to flush the toilet right after you use it, and wash your hands well with soap and water. The amount of radiation in the tracer is very small. This means it isn't a risk for people to be around you after the test.

This test is not done for pregnant women because of the chance of exposing the baby (fetus) to radiation. This test is also not recommended for breastfeeding women or young children.

Results